While it’s natural to focus on the symptoms of dementia, it’s equally important to pay attention to a person’s overall health. Fran Vandelli, Dementia Lead at Bupa Care Services, highlights some common health issues to be aware of when caring for a loved one.

When looking after someone with dementia, it’s easy to focus entirely on the condition, but the person’s overall health is just as important. Sometimes, health issues can manifest in unexpected ways, especially if the person struggles to communicate how they’re feeling.
Here are some common health issues to be aware of, along with practical ways to manage them.

Pain and Illness Often Go Unspoken

A person with dementia may not be able to tell you when they’re in pain or feeling unwell. Instead, they might become more agitated, withdrawn, or restless. You might also notice changes in their mood, sleep patterns, or behaviour.

What you can do: Keep a close eye on any sudden changes. Offer food, drink, and toilet breaks to rule out basic discomforts. If in doubt, consider a health check-up or pain relief.

Mobility Issues and the Risk of Falls

Mobility often declines, especially with Lewy Body Dementia. As walking becomes harder, the risk of falling increases. If the person becomes bed- or chair-bound, there’s also a higher risk of pressure sores (also known as bedsores), blood clots, and infections.

What you can do: Encourage safe, regular movement and change of position. A physiotherapist or occupational therapist can advise on supportive equipment and techniques.

Spotting Pressure Sores Early

If your loved one is sitting or lying down for long stretches, their skin may be at risk. Pressure sores can develop quickly and become painful or infected if left untreated.

What you can do: Check for any red, discoloured, or broken skin, especially around heels, elbows, and the lower back. Specialist cushions or mattresses can help relieve pressure.

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) and Delirium

UTIs are common in older adults and can cause confusion, especially in people with dementia. Sometimes the symptoms of a UTI look like a sudden worsening of dementia itself.

What you can do: Ensure they stay well hydrated, especially in warmer weather. Watch for dark urine, strong odours, or new signs of agitation. Seek medical advice if you suspect an infection.

Changes in Eating and Drinking

Dementia can affect swallowing, chewing, and even the desire to eat. This might lead to weight loss or malnutrition. Certain medications or dental issues can also affect appetite.

What you can do: Keep meals relaxed and unhurried. If swallowing is difficult, a speech and language therapist can recommend safer food textures to help with swallowing. And don’t forget to have medication and oral health reviewed regularly.

Constipation and Dehydration

Constipation can cause discomfort, irritability, and confusion. Dehydration often contributes to it and may lead to symptoms such as dry skin, dry eyes, or dark urine.

What you can do: Encourage small, regular drinks and fibre-rich foods. If a laxative is needed, speak to a doctor or pharmacist to find one that’s suitable.

Incontinence in Later Stages

Bladder and bowel incontinence often become more common in advanced dementia, which can be distressing for everyone involved.

What you can do: Maintain a regular toileting routine, use suitable hygiene products, and consult with continence specialists if needed.

When to Seek Help

Carers, friends, and family often know the person best. If something feels “off,” trust your instincts. Prompt action – whether it’s a quick GP visit or a medication review – can prevent bigger problems down the line.

Remember: Good dementia care means looking at the whole person. Their behaviour, appetite, sleep, and mood are all vital clues that something else may be going on beneath the surface. Staying alert to general health issues is one of the most powerful things you can do as a carer.

For more information

Visit Bupa Dementia Care’s website.